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Many engineers focus on design, but do you really know how a PCB becomes a real PCBA? Here is a quick 3‑stage breakdown: 🟦 1. PCB Design Schematic → Layout → DFM → Gerber out 🟧 2. Bare PCB Fabrication Cutting → Inner layer → Lamination → Drilling → Plating → Outer layer → Solder mask → Surface finish → Routing → Electrical test 🟩 3. PCBA Assembly Stencil printing → SMT → Reflow → AOI/X‑ray → THT → Wave soldering → ICT/Functional test 👉 Every step has a direct impact on yield, cost, and delivery. 💬 What is the most challenging part for you in PCB manufacturing? Share your experience below. #PCB #PCBA #HardwareEngineering #Manufacturing #Electronics